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This text presents coverage on principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy highlighting the important physical, chemical, biological and stratigraphic characteristics of sedimentary rocks. Exploration for coal, oil and gas has resulted in the development of a branch of geology concerned with the analysis of stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure in the subsurface. Sedimentology studies sand, mud (or silt) and clay, and the various ways they are deposited. Most of the rocks on earth are sedimentary rocks, and it is in these kinds of rocks you find fossils and many of the other historical markers. Sedimentary rocks are also where petroleum deposits are found. Sedimentology is tied to stratigraphy, which studies the relationships between rock layers and how they can shift and move. This also affects where petroleum deposits can be found, as well as how the extraction of petroleum affects the sediment around the deposit.
